Scintillator Crystals
Scintillator materials are designed to absorb high energy or charged
particle radiation and, in response, the material will fluoresce
or give up this energy in the form of photons of light. Marketech
offer the widest range of scintillator crystals and plastics designed
to work with a broad range of energy levels and to fluoresce with
specific decay times.
Below is a list of most of the crystals offered along with a table
of properties of some of the materials we offer. Additional information
and inquiries for other crystals are welcomed. Please contact us
by phone in the US at 360-379-6707, by fax 360-379-6907 or by email
at: [email protected].
Plastic Scintillator
Materials
Scintillator Crystal
Data Table
Scintillator Detector
Types
Click Crystal Names for more information
NaI:Tl - YAP:Ce - YAG:Ce - BGO - CaF:Eu - CsI:Tl - LuAG:Ce - GSO - CWO - PWO - NBWO - ZnSe(Te)
Nal:Tl
Sodium iodide activated by thallium has long been the scintillation
standard. Nal:Tl has good performance, economical price, high
luminescence efficiency, very good spectroscopic performance
and no significant self absorption of the scintillated light.
YAP:Ce
Yttrium aluminum perovskite activated by cerium is a fast, mechanically
strong and chemically resistant scintillation material. Mechanical
properties enable precise machining and entrance windows can
be made with a very thin aluminum layer deposited directly on
the entrance surface of the crystal. YAP:Ce scintillators have
very low energy secondary X-ray emissions which makes them desirable
for imagining applications. YAP:Ce detectors are used for gamma
and X-ray counting, electron microscopy, electron and X-ray imaging
screens, and tomography systems.
YAG:Ce
Yttrium aluminum garnet activated by cerium is fast with excellent
mechanical properties and is chemically resistant scintillator.
Mechanical properties enable to produce YAG:Ce scintillation
screens down to a thickness of 30 µm. YAG:Ce detectors are
excellent for electron microscopy, beta and X-ray counting, electron
and X-ray imaging screens.
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BGO
Bismuth germanate is intrinsic scintillation material with high
absorption power. Due to its high effective atomic number and
high density, BGO is a very efficient gamma absorber with high
photo effect fraction which results in a very good photo peak
to Compton ratio. BGO detectors are preferred for medium and
high-energy gamma counting and high-energy physics applications.
CaF:Eu
Calcium fluoride activated by Europium is light scintillators are
used for detection of charged particles and soft gamma ray up
to several hundreds keV. CaF:Eu is typically used for detection
of beta rays due to its relatively small back scattering. It
is not suitable for detection of high-energy gamma ray because
has a small photo fraction. It is non hygroscopic and is relatively
chemically inert.
CsI:Tl
Cesium Iodide activated by thallium is a scintillation material
with high absorption power and can be used as an efficient gamma
ray absorber. CsI:Tl is soluble in water, but is not hygroscopic
in laboratory conditions. It has high resistance to mechanical
and thermal shocks. CsI:Tl can be easily fabricated into wide
variety of shapes and geometries. It can be also fabricated into
detection matrices.
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LuAG:Ce
Lutetium Aluminum Garnet activated by Cerium (chemical formula
Lu3Al5O7) is relatively dense and fast scintillation material.
Its density of 6.73 g/cm3 is about 94 % of density of BGO (7.13
g/cm3). Decay time is much faster (70 ns) compared to BGO (300
ns). This is advantage for time dependent and coincidence measurements.
Wavelength of scintillation emission is about 535 nm, similar
as BGO (480 nm), which is ideal for Photodiode and Avalanche Diode
readout. This material can by used also for Imaging Screens, similarly
to YAG:Ce. The advantage of LuAG:Ce is its higher density allowing
for thinner screens with higher spatial resolution. The material
is mechanically and chemically stable, it can be machined to variety
of shapes and sizes including prisms, spheres, and very thin plates.
Its primary advantage high density, fast decay time, a wavelength
of luminescence emission well suitable for photodiode and avalanche
diode readout, chemical, mechanical, and temperature resistance
make it an ideal choice for PET scanners, high energy gamma and
charge particle detection, and high spatial resolution Imaging
Screens for Gamma, X, Beta and UV ray
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GSO
Gadolinium silicate doped with cerium is a "fast" crystal and can
be used as a protection scintillator. Its possible applications
include computer tomography, spatial resolution of less than 1
mm. Is the most promising for spectrometry and radiometry of gamma-radiation
in the low energy range (<1 MeV). Has good temperature stability,
due to which can be used in system equipment.
CWO
Cadmium tungstate CdWO4 (CWO), due to its low intrinsic background
and afterglow together with sufficiently high light yield, is
the most promising for spectrometry and radiometry of radio nuclides
under extremely low activities, and also for computer tomography.
Technology of its production is also well developed.
PWO
Lead tungstate PbWO4 (PWO) is a new "heavy" highly efficient and "fast" scintillator
for high energy physics. It has the shortest radiation length and
Moliere radius among the known scintillators, satisfactory light
yield for this energy range, high radiation stability. Production
technology which is under continuous development allows to prepare
uniform scintillators ensuring high energetic and special resolution
of the detecting assembles on accelerators.
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NBWO
Double tungstate of sodium and bismuth NaBi(WO4)2 (NBWO) is also
a new "heavy", "fast" and optically dense oxide single crystal.
Is used as a Cherenkov radiator.
ZnSe(Te)
ZnSe(Te) single crystals are characterized by the unique combination
of high conversion efficiency, intrinsic luminescence in the
red region of spectrum, high thermal and radiation stability;
they are not hygroscopic, and afterglow is practically absent.
Production technology has been developed of "fast" and "slow" scintillation
crystals with different decay times and intrinsic luminescence
maximum wavelengths.
ZnSe(Te) crystals are not toxic, moisture-resistant, conserve
working parameters after gamma-irradiation up to 107 Rad and continuous
heating up to 400 K. These qualities make ZnSe(Te) an excellent
material for multi-purpose ionizing radiation detectors of the "scintillator-silicon
photodiode" type. They are used for radiation monitoring, medical
and technical tomography, X-ray medical devices, non-destructive
testing systems, customs inspection, spectrometry of alpha- and
beta-radiation, as well as soft X-rays.
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